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Fuel combustion for transport represents the second most important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the 28 member states of the European Union (EU). According to Euro-stat, this sector is was responsible for 22.2% of the EU’s GHG emissions, and its contribution increased significantly since 1990. Against this background, the Directive 2003/30/EC on the promotion of the use of biofuels and other renewable fuels for transport was adopted. The di-rective which entered into force in May 2003 stipulated that the member states must adopt national policy measures that aim to replace 5.75% of all transport fossil fuels with biofuels by 2010. The directive also called for an intermediate combined target of 2% for all EU member states by 31 December 2005. As a progress reported published in 2007 showed, the 2%-target was not met, which induced the EU policy-makers to replace the target for 2010 with a new target of 10% for 2020. To this end, Directive 2003/30/EC was repealed by Directive 2009/28/EC.
Before adopting the new directive, however, biofuels came under attack from different sides: environmental groups, development organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in general, and governments of the EU member states such as the United Kingdom. Most sur-prisingly, however, the EU Environment Commissioner Stavros Dimas expressed concerns about the environmental and social damages the biofuel production would cause, including the competition of biofuels with staple food crops for land and increased deforestation rates and magnitudes. As a result, Directive 2009/28/EC defines criteria for sustainability, including social and environmental issues.
Along Directive 2009/28/EC a second directive was adopted on 23 April 2009 that laid down the specification of petrol, diesel and gas-oil and introducing a mechanism to monitor and reduce GHG emissions: the so-called Fuel Quality Directive (2009/30/EC). These two legal acts moti-vated three EU member states to introduce fuels with a biofuel-content between 5% and 10%: France, Finland and Germany. The introduction of the new fuel type went smoothly in Finland and France, the exact opposite was the case in Germany.
This webinar is seeks to familiarize students with the issue of public acceptance of energy by drawing on the adoption of the biofuel blending mandate in the EU and the implementation of this EU requirement in Germany. Why did the EU embrace biofuels? How did this policy be-come contested? What was the source of contestation in Germany? Why does public ac-ceptance matter for energy policy? These are the questions that guide this webinar, which builds on the forthcoming book Contested Energy Policies (Rowman & Littlefield).
Public acceptance for biofuels electricity supply | |
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| Science & Technology | Upload TimePublished on 6 Jul 2016 |
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